facts & files
Position:- India, that is Bharat, lies in South Asia between latitudes 8 degree 4' and 37 degree 5' North and longitudes 68 degree 7' and 97 degree 25' East. It is bound on the South-West by Arabian Sea and on the South-East by the Bay of Bengal. On the North-East & North-West lie Himalayan ranges. The Southern tip, Kanyakumari is washed by the Indian Ocean.
Area:-
It covers a total land area of 32,87,782 sq. kms., measuring 3214 kms. from North to South
and 2933 kms. from East to West. It has a land frontier of 15200 kms and a coast line of
about 6100 kms. excluding Lakshdeep, Andaman & Nicobar islands.
Total number of States:- 29
Total number of U.T's:- 7
The Constitution :-
The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent assembly on 26th Nov, 1949 and came into
being on 26th January, 1950.
facts & tips:-
- The first President of Constituent assembly was Dr. Rajindra Prasad.
- The Chairman of the Constituent assembly was Dr. B.R.Ambedekar.
- The draft constitution contained 315 articles & 8 schedules.
- The final constitution came with 395 articles & 8 schedules.
PREAMBLE of the constitution reads as :- WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having resolved to contitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens
JUSTICE social, political and economical;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, faith, belief and worship;
EQUALITY of status & of opportunity; and
to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of nation.
Population:- One Hundred Crore (approx. +50
per second)
Density :- 267 per sq. kms
Literacy Rate:- Males:- 63.86%, Females:-
90.5%
Its highest in Kerala and lowest in Bihar
Among women, lowest
literacy rate is 20.84% in Rajasthan.
Sex Ratio:-
929 fair sex/1000 males
Most Populous State:- U.P. having 16.44% of total population.
The flag is a
horizontal tricolour in equal proportion of deep saffron
on the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom. The ratio
of the width to the length of the flag is two is to three. In the centre
of the white band, there is a wheel in navy blue to indicate the Dharma
Chakra, the wheel of law in the Sarnath Lion Capital. Its diameter approximates
the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes. The saffron stands for
courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation; the white, for purity
and truth; the green for faith and fertility. The national flag was adopted by the constitutent
assembly on 22nd July 1947.
National Anthem:-The song 'Jana-gana-mana' composed by Rabinder Nath Tagore was adopted as National anthem of India on 24th, January 1950.
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka,
jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata
Punjab-sindhu-gujarata-maratha-
Dravida-utkala-banga
Vindhya-himachala-yamuna-ganga
Ucchhala-jaladhi taranga
Tava subha name jaage
Tava subha ashisha maange
Gaahe tava jaya gaatha.
Jana-gana-mangala dayaka, jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhaata,
Jaya he, Jaya he, Jaya he,
Jaya Jaya Jaya, Jaya he.
The National Emblem of India is a replica of the Lion of Sarnath, near Varanasi
in Uttar Pradesh.Three standing Lions on a base having Dharma Chakra at the center, a bull on
the right and a horse on the left. The words 'Satyamevajatha' are inscribed at the
bottom. The Lion Capital was erected in the third century BC
by Emperor Ashoka to mark the spot where Buddha first proclaimed his gospel
of peace and emancipation to the four quarters of the universe. The National
Emblem is thus symbolic of contemporary India's reaffirmation of its ancient
commitment to world peace and goodwill.
National Animal:- Tiger
There are very few tigers left in the world today.
A decade ago the tiger population in India had dwindled to a few hundreds.
The Government of India, under its Project Tiger programme, started a massive
effort to preserve the tiger population. Today, thanks to Project Tiger,
India's population of tigers has considerably increased.
Male
bird of species P. cristatus, is a native of India, with striking
plumage and upper tail converts marked with iridescent ocelli, able to
expand its tail erect like fan as ostentatious display. Peacocks are related
to pheasants.
National Flower:-Lotus
The Lotus or waterlily is an aquatic plant of Nymphaea with broad floating
leaves and bright fragrant flowers that grow only in shallow waters. The
leaves and flowers float and have long stems that contain air spaces. The
big attractive flowers have many petals overlapping in a symmetrical pattern.
The root functions are carried out by rhizomes that fan out horizontally
through the mud below the water. Lotuses, prized for their serene beauty,
are delightful to behold as their blossoms open on the surface of a pond.
In India the sacred lotus is legendary and much folklore and religious
mythology is woven around it.
A
fleshy fruit, eaten ripe or used green for pickles etc., of the tree Mangifera
indica, the mango is one of the most important and widely cultivated
fruits of the tropical world. Its juicy fruit is a rich source of Vitamins
A, C and D. In India there are over100 varieties of mangoes, in different
sizes, shapes and colours. Mangoes, have been cultivated in India from
time immemorial. The poet Kalidasa sang its praises. Alexander savoured
its taste, as did the Chinese pilgrim Hieun Tsang. Akbar planted 100,000
mango trees in Darbhanga, known as Lakhi Bagh.
Some Important Days:-
National Youth Day Jan'ry 12 Army Day Jan'ry 15 Republic Day Jan'ry 26 Martyr's Day Jan'ry 30 National Maritime Day April 5 Labour Day May 1 Quit India Day Aug'st 9 Independence Day Aug'st 15 Teachers Day Sep'er 5 Gandhi Jayanti Oct'er 2 National Integration Day Oct'er 4 Air Force Day Oct'er 8 Post Office Day Oct'er 9 National Rededication Day Oct'er 31 Children's Day Nov'er 14 Navy Day Dec'er 4 Flag Day Dec'er 7 Kisan's Day Dec'er 23
India / Indians vis-a-vis World
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